![]() As an inclusion fills with progeny, the reticulate bodies condense back into elementary bodies and are released by host cell rupture or by fusion of the inclusion membrane with the host cell plasma membrane. This cycle is characterized by the infectious but metabolically less active elementary body, which infects susceptible host cells, and the intracellular reticulate body, which undergoes binary fission. Chlamydiae are obligate intracellular bacteria with a biphasic developmental cycle. Their taxonomic structure is composed of the order Chlamydiales, which consists of the nine families Parachlamydiaceae, Waddliaceae, Simkaniaceae, Rhabdochlamydiaceae, Criblamydiaceae, Piscichlamydiaceae, Clavichlamydiaceae and Parilichlamydiaceae, collectively referred to as Chlamydia-like organisms, and the Chlamydiaceae. Ĭhlamydiae are highly successful animal and human pathogens. In addition, knowledge on the natural microbiota of bats is scarce. The pathogenic potential of some bacterial species has been confirmed for bats, but the knowledge regarding the impact of such microorganisms on bat hosts is limited. Several of these infectious agents are common to humans and domestic animals. It has been shown that bats are hosts for a multitude of different microorganisms that include viruses, bacteria, parasites and fungi. Their extensive mobility, combined with their roost plasticity, nesting behavior and broad food range allows transport of pathogens to many different animal species in various locations. They possess unique characteristics among mammals, such as the ability to fly. In conclusion, bats represent another potential host or vector for novel, previously unidentified, Chlamydiales and hemotropic mycoplasmas.īats of the order Chiroptera are of increasing interest as potential reservoirs and vectors of pathogens. Both, Chlamydiales and hemotropic mycoplasmas are not restricted to certain bat species or countries and captive and free-living bats can be colonized. Conclusionsīats can harbor Chlamydiales and hemotropic mycoplasmas and the newly described sequences in this study indicate that the diversity of these bacteria in bats is much larger than previously thought. Phylogenetic analysis revealed three sequences related to other unidentified mycoplasmas found in vampire bats and Chilean bats. PCR analysis for the presence of hemotropic mycoplasmas resulted in a total prevalence of 0.7%, comprising free-living bats from Germany and Costa Rica. These groups share sequence identities to Chlamydiaceae, and to Chlamydia-like organisms including Rhabdochlamydiaceae and unclassified Chlamydiales from environmental samples, respectively. Sequencing of 15 samples allowed the detection of two phylogenetically distinct groups. Positive samples originated from captive and free-living bats from all three countries. Screening for Chlamydiales resulted in a total prevalence of 31.4%. This study investigated 475 captive and free-living bats from Switzerland, Germany, and Costa Rica for Chlamydiales and hemotropic mycoplasmas by PCR to determine the prevalence and phylogeny of these organisms. Bats are hosts for a variety of microorganisms, however, little is known about the presence of Chlamydiales and hemotropic mycoplasmas. ![]()
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